INPERSO’s 3D Printing façade System
Within the EU-funded INPERSO project under Horizon Europe, the team has pioneered a vertical 3D printing system designed for the direct, on-site application of mortar onto existing building façades. This innovative solution revolutionizes energy-efficient refurbishments by enabling in-situ vertical printing. It delivers faster, more cost-effective, and minimally invasive retrofits—ideal for revitalizing Europe's aging building infrastructure.

Objectives

Boost operational efficiencies and slash costs/user discomfort in renovations.

Transform façade renovation—a notoriously time-consuming, dangerous, and disruptive process—into an industrialized, safer alternative that reduces reliance on high-risk manual labor.

The prototype handles large façade modules up to 6x6 meters, seamlessly adapting to architectural complexities such as windows, balconies and downpipes. It features a stable mobile platform anchored securely to both the ground and façade, supporting precise horizontal and vertical movements. At its heart is a robotic arm equipped with a mortar extrusion nozzle, supplied from a ground-based pump for accurate, flexible material deposition.

A standout feature is the streamlined BIM-to-Print workflow. This digital pipeline—from façade scanning and model enhancement to automated robot path generation—operates from information obtained from BIM files. It dramatically cuts preparation times, minimizes design-to-execution errors, and aligns perfectly with broader digital construction strategies. The system complements INPERSO's Retrofit Kit, providing holistic renovation solutions while automating one of construction's most labor-intensive, hazardous, and disruptive tasks: façade work. 

Work carried out

Global positioning system

Led by ITA

Enables precise X/Y/Z movement via motorized trolleys on mast/truss.

Remaining Work

Robotic arm and pump integration 

Led by CARTIF/UPV

Handles extrusion and material flow.


Conduct final on-site demonstrations in a real construction environment at AUMSA building (Valencia, end of summer 2026).

The full prototype is now complete, with key subsystems developed collaboratively:

BIM-to-Print software

Led by UPV

Generates trajectories from scans/models.

Monitoring system

Led by VIAS

System to monitor the initial strength of printed mortar on the façades in real time.

Integration occurred at ITA's Zaragoza facilities, achieving TRL6 through near-real-condition tests on actual façades. Highlights include 11 m²/h productivity, 90% reduction in material deposition time versus traditional methods, and 48% less construction/demolition waste (CDW). Early trials also confirmed sharp drops in dust/noise. Milestones: Prototype assembly/integration (M28), TRL6 validation. 

Expected Impact

This technology promises controlled, repeatable façade outcomes, accelerating renovation uptake through 90% faster deposition, >40% waste cuts, and reduced dust/noise—easing resident disruptions. It lowers demand for high-risk scaffolding/manual jobs, enabling workforce upskilling toward digital/robotic skills. Environmentally, it supports EU building decarbonization via efficient, low-impact processes. Overall: Scalable, safer renovations for greener cities. 

90% faster deposition

>40% waste cuts

reduced dust/noise